diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 5d4d78662881515ed337f02a557621da2fa3a924..f87c8efbbd3b3877bd77212d6c2184db2aa409f1 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -36,4 +36,4 @@ stl/
 .DS_Store
 
 # Settings
-.gitconfig
+.gitconfig
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/gpu.cmake b/gpu.cmake
index 5b175ca2a5fe7d289bd948e905ada612413333d2..a6b10012da7d71ec82422863319b77dc5e4af57d 100644
--- a/gpu.cmake
+++ b/gpu.cmake
@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@ IF (BUILD_VF_GPU)
 
     add_subdirectory(apps/gpu/LBM/DrivenCavity)
     add_subdirectory(apps/gpu/LBM/SphereGPU)
-    add_subdirectory(apps/gpu/LBM/BoundaryLayer)
 ELSE()
     MESSAGE( STATUS "exclude Virtual Fluids GPU." )
 ENDIF()
diff --git a/src/gpu/VirtualFluids_GPU/Calculation/UpdateGrid27.h b/src/gpu/VirtualFluids_GPU/Calculation/UpdateGrid27.h
index 2f0779c6ae2b1461f01383cf9fef9d17a4a38b01..f1fb3476313718e120bb5ee167445e50a319facb 100644
--- a/src/gpu/VirtualFluids_GPU/Calculation/UpdateGrid27.h
+++ b/src/gpu/VirtualFluids_GPU/Calculation/UpdateGrid27.h
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@
 
 class BCKernelManager;
 class ADKernelManager;
-class TurbulenceModelManager;
 class GridScalingKernelManager;
 class Kernel;
 class BoundaryConditionFactory;
diff --git a/src/gpu/VirtualFluids_GPU/GPU/GPU_Kernels.cuh b/src/gpu/VirtualFluids_GPU/GPU/GPU_Kernels.cuh
index 1a5c79fb9554d2fc64aea9b6594e79619d703be4..4cb2867f322856c2e1ece4a60e70588a79ddc8a7 100644
--- a/src/gpu/VirtualFluids_GPU/GPU/GPU_Kernels.cuh
+++ b/src/gpu/VirtualFluids_GPU/GPU/GPU_Kernels.cuh
@@ -882,18 +882,6 @@ __global__ void QSlipDeviceComp27(real* DD,
 											 unsigned int size_Mat,
 											 bool isEvenTimestep);
 
-// __global__ void QSlipDeviceComp27TurbViscosity(real* DD,
-// 											 int* k_Q,
-// 											 real* QQ,
-// 											 unsigned int numberOfBCnodes,
-// 											 real om1,
-// 											 unsigned int* neighborX,
-// 											 unsigned int* neighborY,
-// 											 unsigned int* neighborZ,
-// 											 real* turbViscosity,
-// 											 unsigned int size_Mat,
-// 											 bool isEvenTimestep);
-
 __global__ void QSlipDeviceComp27TurbViscosity(
                                     real* distributions, 
                                     int* subgridDistanceIndices, 
diff --git a/src/gpu/VirtualFluids_GPU/GPU/TurbulentViscosityKernels.cu b/src/gpu/VirtualFluids_GPU/GPU/TurbulentViscosityKernels.cu
index df1dc571cf9627d84e940b2e0f53d55216ca6532..3719ca3712e6f63a77f62bf314af7d19eea01f4c 100644
--- a/src/gpu/VirtualFluids_GPU/GPU/TurbulentViscosityKernels.cu
+++ b/src/gpu/VirtualFluids_GPU/GPU/TurbulentViscosityKernels.cu
@@ -122,14 +122,4 @@ void calcTurbulentViscosityAMD(Parameter* para, int level)
         para->getSGSConstant()
     );
     getLastCudaError("calcAMD execution failed");
-}
-    
-__inline__ __device__ real calcTurbulentViscosityQR(real C, real dxux, real dyuy, real dzuz, real Dxy, real Dxz , real Dyz)
-{
-        // ! Verstappen's QR model
-        //! Second invariant of the strain-rate tensor
-        real Q = c1o2*( dxux*dxux + dyuy*dyuy + dzuz*dzuz ) + c1o4*( Dxy*Dxy + Dxz*Dxz + Dyz*Dyz);
-        //! Third invariant of the strain-rate tensor (determinant)
-        real R = - dxux*dyuy*dzuz - c1o4*( Dxy*Dxz*Dyz + dxux*Dyz*Dyz + dyuy*Dxz*Dxz + dzuz*Dxy*Dxy );
-        return C * max(R, c0o1) / Q;
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/gpu/VirtualFluids_GPU/Kernel/Kernels/TurbulentViscosityKernels/FluidFlow/Compressible/CumulantK17chim/TurbulentViscosityCumulantK17CompChim.cu b/src/gpu/VirtualFluids_GPU/Kernel/Kernels/TurbulentViscosityKernels/FluidFlow/Compressible/CumulantK17chim/TurbulentViscosityCumulantK17CompChim.cu
index 0980050dcb43f84b5a7da42dd2c9e4cef1796833..140ab0ada23318e57f4078dca1bc6611ddb9de54 100644
--- a/src/gpu/VirtualFluids_GPU/Kernel/Kernels/TurbulentViscosityKernels/FluidFlow/Compressible/CumulantK17chim/TurbulentViscosityCumulantK17CompChim.cu
+++ b/src/gpu/VirtualFluids_GPU/Kernel/Kernels/TurbulentViscosityKernels/FluidFlow/Compressible/CumulantK17chim/TurbulentViscosityCumulantK17CompChim.cu
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ void TurbulentViscosityCumulantK17CompChim::run()
 																														para->getParD(level)->forceZ_SP,para->getQuadricLimitersDev(),			para->getParD(level)->isEvenTimestep);
 			break;						
 		case TurbulenceModel::Smagorinsky: 	
-			LB_Kernel_TurbulentViscosityCumulantK17CompChim < TurbulenceModel::AMD  > <<< grid.grid, grid.threads >>>(  para->getParD(level)->omega, 	para->getParD(level)->typeOfGridNode, 	para->getParD(level)->neighborX,	para->getParD(level)->neighborY,	para->getParD(level)->neighborZ,	para->getParD(level)->distributions.f[0],	
+			LB_Kernel_TurbulentViscosityCumulantK17CompChim < TurbulenceModel::Smagorinsky  > <<< grid.grid, grid.threads >>>(  para->getParD(level)->omega, 	para->getParD(level)->typeOfGridNode, 	para->getParD(level)->neighborX,	para->getParD(level)->neighborY,	para->getParD(level)->neighborZ,	para->getParD(level)->distributions.f[0],	
 																														para->getParD(level)->rho,		para->getParD(level)->velocityX,		para->getParD(level)->velocityY,	para->getParD(level)->velocityZ,	para->getParD(level)->turbViscosity,para->getSGSConstant(),
 																														(unsigned long)para->getParD(level)->numberOfNodes,	level,				para->getIsBodyForce(),				para->getForcesDev(),				para->getParD(level)->forceX_SP,	para->getParD(level)->forceY_SP,
 																														para->getParD(level)->forceZ_SP,para->getQuadricLimitersDev(),			para->getParD(level)->isEvenTimestep);